Chapter 1 C++ Basics   1

1.1 Introduction to C++ 2

Origins of the C++ Language 2

C++ and Object-Oriented Programming 3

The Character of C++ 3

C++ Terminology   4

A Sample C++ Program   4

1.2 Variables, Expressions, and Assignment Statements   6

Identifiers   6

Variables   8

Assignment Statements   10

Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables   12

Tip: Use Meaningful Names   13

More Assignment Statements 13

Assignment Compatibility   14

Literals   15

Escape Sequences   17

Naming Constants   17

Arithmetic Operators and Expressions   19

Integer and Floating-Point Division   21

Pitfall: Division with Whole Numbers   22

Type Casting   22

Increment and Decrement Operators   25

Pitfall: Order of Evaluation   27

1.3 Console Input/Output   28

Output Using cout   28

New Lines in Output   29

Tip: End Each Program with \n or endl   30

Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point   31

Output with cerr   32

Input Using cin   32

Tip: Line Breaks in I/O 34

1.4 Program Style   34

Comments   35

1.5 Libraries and Namespaces   35

Libraries and include Directives   36

Namespaces   36

Pitfall: Problems with Library Names   37

Chapter Summary:   38

Answers to Self-Test Exercises   39

Programming Projects   40

Chapter 2 Flow of Control   43

2.1 Boolean Expressions   44

Building Boolean Expressions   44

Pitfall: Strings of Inequalities   45

Evaluating Boolean Expressions   46

Precedence Rules   48

Pitfall: Integer Values Can Be Used as Boolean Values   52

2.2 Branching Mechanisms   54

if-else Statements   54

Compound Statements   56

Pitfall: Using = in Place of ==   57

Omitting the else   59

Nested Statements   59

Multiway if-else Statement   59

The switch Statement   60

Pitfall: Forgetting a break in a switch Statement   63

Tip: Use switch Statements for Menus   63

Enumeration Types   64

The Conditional Operator   64

2.3 Loops   65

The while and do-while Statements   66

Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited   68

The Comma Operator   70

The for Statement   72

Tip: Repeat-N-Times Loops   74

Pitfall: Extra Semicolon in a for Statement   75

Pitfall: Infinite Loops   75

The break and continue Statements   78

Nested Loops   81

2.4 Introduction to File Input

Reading From a Text File Using ifstream

Chapter Summary   81

Answers to Self-Test Exercises   82

Programming Projects   87

Chapter 3 Function Basics   91

3.1 Predefined Functions   92

Predefined Functions That Return a Value   92

Predefined void Functions   97

A Random Number Generator   99

3.2 Programmer-Defined Functions   103

Defining Functions That Return a Value   103

Alternate Form for Function Declarations   106

Pitfall: Arguments in the Wrong Order   107

Pitfall: Use of the Terms Parameter and Argument   107

Functions Calling Functions   107

Example: A Rounding Function   107

Functions That Return a Boolean Value   110

Defining void Functions   111

return Statements in void Functions   113

Preconditions and Postconditions   113

main Is a Function   115

Recursive Functions   116

3.3 Scope Rules   117

Local Variables   117

Procedural Abstraction   120

Global Constants and Global Variables   121

Blocks   124

Nested Scopes   124

Tip: Use Function Calls in Branching and Loop Statements   125

Variables Declared in a for Loop   125

Chapter Summary   126

Answers to Self-Test Exercises   126

Programming Projects   130

Chapter 4 Parameters and Overloading   137

4.1 Parameters   138

Call-by-Value Parameters   138

A First Look at Call-by-Reference Parameters   141

Call-by-Reference Mechanism in Detail   143

Constant Reference Parameters   145

Example: The swapValues Function   146

Tip: Think of Actions, Not Code   147

Mixed Parameter Lists   148

Tip: What Kind of Parameter to Use   149

Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables   151

Tip: Choosing Formal Parameter Names   153

Example: Buying Pizza   153

4.2 Overloading and Default Arguments   156

Introduction to Overloading   156

Pitfall: Automatic Type Conversion and Overloading   159

Rules for Resolving Overloading   160

Example: Revised Pizza-Buying Program   162

Default Arguments   164

4.3 Testing and Debugging Functions   166

The assert Macro   166

Stubs and Drivers   167

Chapter Summary   170

Answers to Self-Test Exercises   171

Programming Projects   172

Chapter 5 Arrays   177

5.1 Introduction to Arrays   178

Declaring and Referencing Arrays   178

Tip: Use for Loops with Arrays   181

Pitfall: Array Indexes Always Start with Zero   181

Tip: Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array   181

Arrays in Memory   182

Pitfall: Array Index Out of Range   184

Initializing Arrays   184

5.2 Arrays in Functions   187

Indexed Variables as Function Arguments   187

Entire Arrays as Function Arguments   188

The const Parameter Modifier   192

Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const Parameters   193

Functions That Return an Array   194

Example: Production Graph   194

5.3 Programming with Arrays   200

Partially Filled Arrays   200

Tip: Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters   200

Example: Searching an Array   203

Example: Sorting an Array   205

5.3 Multidimensional Arrays   210

Multidimensional Array Basics   210

Multidimensional Array Parameters   212

Example: Two-Dimensional Grading Program   213

Chapter Summary   218

Answers to Self-Test Exercises   219

Programming projects   223

Chapter 6 Structures and Classes 231

6.1 Structures   232

Structure Types 234

Pitfall: Forgetting a Semicolon in a Structure Definition   238

Structures as Function Arguments   238

Tip: Use Hierarchical Structures   239

Initializing Structures   242

6.2 Classes   244

Defining Classes and Member Functions   244

Encapsulation   250

Public and Private Members   251

Accessor and Mutator Functions   255

Tip: Separate Interface and Implementation   257

Tip: A Test for Encapsulation   258

Structures versus Classes   259

Tip: Thinking Objects   261

Chapter Summary   261

Answers to Self-Tesr Exercises   262

Programming Projects   264

Chapter 7 Constructors and Other Tools   267

7.1 Constructors   268

Constructor Definitions   268

Pitfall: Constructors with No Arguments   273

Explicit Constructor Calls   275

Tip: Always Include a Default Constructor   275

Example: BankAccount Class   278

Class Type Member Variables   285

7.2 More Tools   288

The const Parameter Modifier   288

Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const   290

Inline Functions   295

Static Members   297

Nested and Local Class Definitions   300

7.3 Vectors—A Preview of the Standard Template
Library   301

Vector Basics   301

Pitfall: Using Square Brackets beyond the Vector Size   303

Tip: Vector Assignment Is Well Behaved   305

Efficiency Issues   305

Chapter Summary   307

Answers to Self-Test Exercises   307

Programming Projects   309

Chapter 8 Operator Overloading, Friends, and References   315

8.1 Basic Operator Overloading   316

Overloading Basics   317

Tip: A Constructor Can Return an Object   322

Returning by const Value   323

Tip: Returning Member Variables of a Class Type   326

Overloading Unary Operators   327

Overloading as Member Functions   328

Tip: A Class Has Access to All Its Objects   330

Overloading Function Application ( )   331

Pitfall: Overloading &&, , and the Comma Operator   331

8.2 Friend Functions and Automatic Type Conversion   332

Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion   332

Pitfall: Member Operators and Automatic Type Conversion   333

Friend Functions   334

Friend Classes   336

Pitfall: Compilers without Friends   338

8.3 References and More Overloaded Operators   339

References   339

Pitfall: Returning a Reference to Certain Member Variables 341

Overloading >> and <<   341

Tip: What Mode of Returned Value to Use   348

The Assignment Operator   350

Overloading the Increment and Decrement Operators   351

Overloading the Array Operator [ ]   354

Overloading Based on L-Value versus R-Value   356

Chapter Summary   356

Answers to Self-Test Exercises   356

Programming Projects   359

Chapter 9 Strings   363

9.1 An Array Type for Strings   364

C-String Values and C-String Variables   365

Pitfall: Using = and == with C-strings   369

Other Functions in    370

Example: Command-Line Arguments   373

C-String Input and Output   375

9.2 Character Manipulation Tools 378

Character I/O   378

The Member Functions get and put   379

Example: Checking Input Using a Newline Function   381

Pitfall: Unexpected '\n' in Input   383

The putback, peek, and ignore Member Functions   384

Character-Manipulating Functions   387

Pitfall: toupper and tolower Return int Values   389

9.3 The Standard Class string   390

Introduction to the Standard Class string   391

I/O with the Class string   394

Tip: More Versions of getline   397

Pitfall: Mixing cin >> variable; and getline   398

String Processing with the Class string   399

Example: Palindrome Testing   403

Converting between string Objects and C-Strings   407

Chapter Summary   407

Answers to Self-Test Exercises 408

Programming Projects 412

Chapter 10 Pointers and Dynamic Arrays   419

10.1 Pointers   420

Pointer Variables   421

Basic Memory Management   429

Pitfall: Dangling Pointers   432

Dynamic Variables and Automatic Variables   432

Tip: Define Pointer Types   433

Pitfall: Pointers as Call-by-Value Parameters   435

Uses for Pointers   437

10.2 Dynamic Arrays   438

Array Variables and Pointer Variables   438

Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays   439

Example: A Function That Returns an Array   443

Pointer Arithmetic   445

Multidimensional Dynamic Arrays   446

10.3 Classes, Pointers, and Dynamic Arrays   449

The -> Operator   449

The this Pointer   450

Overloading the Assignment Operator   451

Chapter 1: C++ Basics
Introduction to C++
Variables, Expressions, and Assignment Statements
Console Input/Output
Program Style
Libraries and Namespaces
 
Chapter 2: Flow of Control
Boolean Expressions
Branching Mechanisms
Loops
 
Chapter 3: Function Basics
Predefined Functions
Programmer-Defined Functions
Scope Rules
 
Chapter 4: Parameters and Overloading
Parameters
Overloading and Default Arguments
Testing and Debugging Functions

Chapter 5: Arrays
Introduction to Arrays
Arrays in Functions
Programming with Arrays
Multidimensional Arrays
 
Chapter 6: Structures and Classes
Structures
Classes
 
Chapter 7: Constructors and Other Tools
Constructors
More Tools
Vectors–A Preview of the Standard Template Library
 
Chapter 8: Operator Overloading, Friends, and References
Basic Operator Overloading
Friend Functions and Automatic Type Conversion
References and More Overloaded Operators
 
Chapter 9: Strings
An Array Type for Strings
Character Manipulation Tools
The Standard Class string
 
Chapter 10: Pointers and Dynamic Arrays
Pointers
Dynamic Arrays
Classes, Pointers, and Dynamic Arrays
 
Chapter 11: Separate Compilation and Namespaces
Separate Compilation
Namespaces
 
Chapter 12: Streams and File I/O
I/O Streams
Tools for Stream I/O
Stream Hierarchies: A Preview of Inheritance
Random Access to Files
 
Chapter 13: Recursion
Recursive void Functions
Recursive Functions that Return a Value
Thinking Recursively
 
Chapter 14: Inheritance
Inheritance Basics
Programming with Inheritance
 
Chapter 15: Polymorphism and Virtual Functions
Virtual Function Basics
Pointers and Virtual Functions
 
Chapter 16: Templates
Function Templates
Class Templates
Templates and Inheritance
 
Chapter 17: Linked Data Structures
Nodes and Linked Lists
Linked List Applications
Iterators
Trees
 
Chapter 18: Exception Handling
Exception Handling Basics
Programming Techniques for Exception Handling
 
Chapter 19: Standard Template Library
Iterators
Containers
Generic Algorithms
 
Chapter 20: Patterns and UML
Patterns
UML
 
Appendix 1: C++ Keywords
Appendix 2: Precedence of Operators
Appendix 3: The ASCII Character Set
Appendix 4: Some Library Functions
Appendix 5: Old and New Header Files
Further Reading
Index
 

I. INTRODUCTION TO CORBA.

II. CORE CORBA.

III. CORBA MECHANISMS.

IV. DYNAMIC CORBA.

V. CORBASERVICES.

VI. POWER CORBA.

FUNDAMENTALS.

DATA STRUCTURES.

SORTING.

SEARCHING.